THE Poetics of R. K. Singh

 

 

 

 

The best poetry

is a woman

concrete, personal, delightful

greater than all                         

                                                              (My Silence, p.139)                       

R. K .Singh considers best poetry as a woman. ‘Woman’ is a metaphor that the poet has used for poetry. His concept of poetry and woman is so merged that poetry seems to be dissolved in woman, and woman appears as poetry personified, concrete, personal and delightful.

Both poetry and woman, for the poet, are most treasured entities because they are real. Both can be experienced by the senses; both incite passion, both are intimate; and, above all, both have the power to delight and elevate. Poetry and woman are, thus, conceived as accessories to the higher levels of consciousness. The greatness of poetry, therefore, lies in its power to transcend the physical through physical. For example:

                                                  Woman is the flesh

                                                             and spirit of poetry

                                                             eternal love thirst

 

                                                            growing younger as

                                                            one grows older day by day

                                                            perfecting the body                    

                                                                                                  (Flight of Phoenix, p.70)  

         Perfecting the body of poetry and woman is the crux of the argument of the poem. The same idea is reiterated in the following lines:

                                                      A woman

                                                           in poet’s vision

                                                           howsoever strange

                                                           is ever new;

                                                

                                                           pierce like diamond

                                                           or thread like pearl

                                                           to weld in her depth

                                                           her nudity

                                    

                                                           I love for

                                                           all her mystery

                                                           perfect poetry

                                                           beyond the sky               

                                                                                                    (Above the Earth’s Green, p.72)

 

Again, in poem number 57 of the same collection, the poet says that woman is “the measure/of all things: body, truth/love, spirit, God, society, peace /and man” (Above the Earth’s Green, p.69).

 

          The poet’s basic ideology of art and poetry is expounded in his idea of woman who is all encompassing and constitutes the major content of his poetry. The other significant themes such as love and sex are but different facets of his core ideology with different manifestations. In one of his interviews given to Kanwar Dinesh Singh in New Indian English Poetry: An Alternative Voice, the poet says: “Woman in my poetry…is a universal woman, the invisible part of the primordial pairs we know as Purush – Prakriti, or Yin-Yang, unchanging over time and culture”. 

 

In the above statement the poet relates ‘woman’ with the basic principle of life and creation. The following poem is an expression of the universal principle of creation:

 

                                                             The split in cypress

                                                              is vulva I know the roots

                                                              purush – prakriti

                                                   

                                                              call it Yin and Yang

                                                              our basic sex, lingam and

                                                              yoni harmonise

 

                                                               like lotus rising

            from the depths of lake through mud

                                                              crossing existence                                   

                                                                                                                     (My Silence, p.71)

When the poet mentions purush and prakriti in harmony or as one, he emphasizes the presence of maleness and femaleness in each individual. Each person is naturally endowed with both male and female energy or quality and this needs to be harmoniously nurtured to make unadulterated expression of life, celebration and delight, or to feel innocent joy, or to be perfect or whole. Creation is not possible in the absence of feminine principle or prakriti. Therefore, for creation masculine and feminine principles need to be harmonized into a single whole. The same idea is illustrated in the following lines:

                                                     

                                                      The fig of life with

           roots above and branches below                    

                                                                 man and woman one          

                                                                                                          (Flight of Phoenix, p.71)

The poet appreciates that with their pragmatism and ability to cope with reality, women are earth bound: man leans towards the sky and woman is rooted in the earth; the deeper the roots of a tree go the higher the branches rise. The poet stands for man and woman in deep synchronicity: woman provides the roots and man provides the flowers. The harmony between the two is basic to physical, emotional, sexual and social existence. Here, the idea is akin to what one finds in verse 20 of the Brihadaranyank Upanisad: “Then he embraces her, (saying), ‘I am the vital breath and you are the speech; you are speech and I am the vital breath: I am the Saman and you are the Rg, I am heaven and you are the earth. Come let us strive together….”

This verse signifies the union of man and woman in the act of creation. For life and existence, the union of the two elements of feminine and masculine, prakriti- purush or yoni and lingam is essential:

                                                  Love is my prison

                                                            and freedom both

                                                             in her presence

                                                             my wish her wish

                                                       

                                                             to be everything

                                                             her shiva and

                                                             shakti a dual- single

                                                             me and she, one                        

                                                                                                           (Flight of Phoenix, p.54)

Similarly, the reference to Shiva and Shakti as ‘dual- single’ in the poem again links the poet’s inspiration to the Classical Hindu Mythology. Mitali De Sarkar, too, in her article, “Harmony in Duality: Indianess in R.K.Singh’s Poetry”, avers :  “According to the Svetasvatara Upanisad, Iswar and Sakti are regarded as the parents of the universe: “only when united with Shakti has Siva power to manifest; but without her the god cannot stir”.

This principle of harmony of the two opposite elements in fact evinces the poet’s craving for union in all the spheres of life. Since most of the problems originate due to discordance of ideas, modern world is full of elements of disintegration and destruction threatening existence of humanity as well as of creativity.

Poetry, like a woman, conceals beauty in its form, which provides emotional pleasure and spiritual calm, leading to creativity. This creativity is the result of the amalgamation of the two poetic elements: the form and the content that unite to make an inseparable whole. This view is beautifully brought out by the poet in the following lines:

 

                                                         A poem is

like life

 

sound

and silence

 

movement

and stillness

 

fragment

and wholeness

 

Avibhiktam

Vibhakteshu

 

like Shiva

and Shakti

 

lotus

and mud                    

                                              (Music Must Sound, p.100)

More importantly, the ideology of union as professed by R.K.Singh, is not something alien, rather it is essentially rooted in Indian tradition and culture, as clear from his use of ‘Shiva and Shakti’, ‘dual- single’ and ‘purush- prakriti’.

In addition, R.S. Tiwary in his scholarly article, ‘“Secret of the First Menstrual Flow”: R.K.Singh’s Commitment to Fleshly Reality’ in New Indian English Poetry: An Alternative Voice, opines that the poet frequently alludes to purush-prakriti — the celebrated formulation of Sankhya Philosophy. Purusha is the counterpart of the Brahman of the Advaita darshana that remains inactive but when he comes in contact with prakriti,that is, the feminine principle, he gets agitated and their union eventually leads to creation. To quote R.S. Tiwary: “This integration of twin principles of Masculinity and Femininity has its roots in the Vedic provision that the ‘Paramatman’ the Supreme being, divided himself into two, man and woman, to enjoy himself, becoming bored by solitariness.”

Reference to “Avibhiktam Vibhakteshu”, too, is made to present the philosophy of  the Bhagvat Gita in a nutshell by the poet. The idea is interpreted in the Bhagvat Gita as “Even when it is fragment, even in that fragment the whole world resides.” Thus, it can be understood that the poet’s ideology is developed around some of the fundamentals of the Vedic philosophy. 

 

Woman: The Source of Love

 

Love is the guiding of emotion that leads to unity as well as harmony. This love springs from charm and beauty. R.K.Singh’s concept of love facilitates the exploration of various related aspects of his ideology. The poet advocates physical love and glorifies it without any reticence, as a reinforcer of emotional and spiritual bond. Physical love, for the poet, is in no way demeaning, because it is a fact of life. Inhibition or hideousness in the matter, therefore, underlies hypocrisy. It is in this form that sex becomes instrumental in exposing the pretensions imbued in all walks of modern life.

Elaborating the poet’s ideal of love one finds that it is connected with his ideal of beauty and pleasure. Since woman and poetry are considered as the chief sources possessing eternal beauty and eternal pleasure, intimacy with them leads to physical as well as spiritual comfort, as in the poem:

         She is the tree

         green and wide

                         abundantly dressed

                         overflowing

                         spreading her sleeves

                         blesses all

                         in her cool shade…

           I feel

                       nearer God                             

                                                                     (My Silence, p.137)             

            Here, the tree imagery used for woman indicates her physical glories, as she is “abundantly dressed”. This bodily charm and all-encompassing love make her a source of enduring comfort and the speaker feels “nearer God” in her company. She is so overpowering that her presence cannot be resisted. In the following poem the speaker helplessly submits to her original charms and cherishes a dream to reach “the pavilion of eternity” with her assistance:

                                              Blind

                                                  I see her beauty

                                              deaf

                                              I hear her melody

                                               ignorant

                                              I partake of her knowledge

                                              poor

                                              I share her wealth

                                              in - drawn

                                              her vision reigns my heart        

                                                                                                               (My Silence, p.139)

In another poem the speaker is found looking forward to his progress in the movement of woman:    

                                        I seek new strides

                                                 in each of your moves

                                                 new dreams in your eyes and thighs

 

                                                 nude lyrics in lips

                                                 shape the night’s sway

                                                 set my heart afire

 

                                                  I seek the lingering fragrance

                                                 the rhythm that frenzies the soul

                                                 the timeless joy you conceal

 

                                                I seek the hues that blaze being

                                                and shade the nest I rest in:

                                                your chains renew my freedom

 

                                                 each time I look at you

                                                 I see natural woman

                                         the fount of poetry.        

                                                                                                         (Some Recent Poems, p.33)

             The poem represents an analogy between woman and poetry. Moreover, the idea suggested in the poem gets illustration when we examine the poet’s statement from an interview given to K.D.Singh: “I see woman (and her nudity) as the mainspring of our being (and art) as “ the major incident in man’s life,” shaping the psyche and constituting the sensory experience. She is eternal and there is no poetry possible without her.” R.S.Tiwary’s remark also seems apt when he says; “Woman is the chief source of his (R.K.Singh’s) creative afflatus; woman not as an imaginary angel but woman in her all corporeal riches….” It is on this account that Tiwary studies the poet’s frequent references to sexual imagery and symbols like “eyes”, “thighs” and “breast”, as part of the influence of ancient Indian erotic poetry.

The poet himself admits this association when he says in an interview defending his interpretation of physical love in his poetry: “Our ancient erotic manuals, Kamsutra, Kokashastra, and Ratirahasya treat love as a matter of giving and receiving pleasure. The aesthetics of erotica, the sexual metaphor makes it possible to convey what it feels like to be filled with desire; such a state, in our classics, has been valued highly, as sexual love is seen as a means of access to the realm where human and divine meet.”

 

It is perceived that the poet’s treatment of love reinforces his fundamental idea related to unity. This unity, however, is not limited to bodily union but touches one’s consciousness. It results in the evolution of a harmonious society. The following poem hints at the poet’s effort to preserve the humanity within man by means of poetry:

                                      

                                        I make myself man

                                                each time I create

                                                setting, character, tone

                                                in a poem

                                                create poetic sense

                                                disclose my natural being

                                                 playing five senses

                                                 my distortions and inversions

                                                 evolve in history and society

                                                 to save the man in me

                                                 through poetry of self      

                                                                                                         (Flight of Phoenix,p.53)

            Here, poetry is conceived as a play with dramatic elements like setting, character, tone and poetic sense and may present a sensuous drama involving five senses but its purpose ultimately lies in safeguarding values and humanity. Thus, poetry is a platform for the poet to expose the distortions and deformities of self and society. The following poem also contains an identical thought, but the attention, here, can be transferred to the technical part of poetry:

                                                   A poem is madness

                                                   unique fascination

                                                   liberating language

                                                   re-creates, re-symbolises

                                                   disfiguring the known

                                                   secured norms

                                                   inverting the safe

                                                   existence                          

                                                                                                           (Flight of Phoenix, p.53)

A poem is, hence, a camouflage, because it means something different from what it appears to be suggesting. This multiplicity fascinates and is equated to madness. The logic behind the liberation of language is to “re-create”, “re-symbolise” and “disfigure” the conventional norms to refresh them and ensure  safe existence.

Commenting on Singh’s manipulation of the medium, R.S.Tiwary opines: “Language is exceedingly malleable in his hands. Like Keats, he takes delight in coining phrases, such as, ‘fractured faith’, ‘drugged sleep’, ‘rituals of flesh’, ‘dark combats’, ‘that icy sun’ etc. Although there are few purple patches in his poetry, yet the similes and metaphors employed by him are always delightful, carrying a pregnancy of meanings.”

 For the poet, poetry is not “…just functional/ like brief-case” (Memories Unmemoried), it is an extension of his self. R.K.Singh advocates subjectivity in poetry. He approves personal poetry because it can serve as an instrument of self- exploration. In the following statement he stresses the same idea:“I think, I often talk about myself, withdrawn into my personal world, to me, perhaps, it is a means of defying the disgusting socio-political world outside…By writing brief personal lyrics…I make my life a work of art or enlarge myself to the universal sameness of human feeling.” The following lines  sum up the poet’s thought:

                                                       Poetry is prayer

                                                       in life’s vicissitude:

                                                       a saving grace against

                                                       manipulated or

                                                       unmanifested odds

                                                       overwhelming without

                                                       warrant or patterning        

                                                                                                      (Above the Earth’s Green, p.13)

                                                                                                                                                              

Some poems by the poet give clue to his sources of inspiration which lie mainly in his past experiences and memories, as the construct of the given poems suggests: “What I write shows/my past….”  (Memories Unmemoried) and “Oasis in memories/of desert rhythm of wilderness/ sound is the poetry” (Memories Unmemoried).

            The word ‘memory’ has been used as a metaphor, which stands for creative process, or imagination where past experiences get synthesized and work as awareness for the present. Also, the poet, names one of his poetic collection as Memories Unmemoried. Memory, therefore, is a vision device to collect a timeless frame to express the consciousness. It is free and can make illusion of a truth as well as truth of an illusion. What is being unmemoried is the expression, which is the visible aspect of awareness.

Thus, by expressing the memories, the poet relives them and soothes the agitated mind undergoing the conflict of sweet bitter impressions. The poet’s consciousness guides him towards the realization and acceptance of differences and thus manifests his broad and unconventional outlook, as in the following poem:

                                                A poem

elusive like a butterfly

is the dynamics

of a culture

a process of exchange

a cultural artifact

fascinating

stimulating

 reshaping

reader and creator

it incorporates

multiplicity

of modern man

fluid,  mobile

multicultural

manipulating

matrix of tongues

                                                          and patterns of languages

                                                          into a stable whole

                                                          of self awareness                           

                                                                                                                    (My Silence, p.169)

       The poet advocates brevity of expression. His belief in precision is proved by his own poems, which are mostly brief in structure. As he articulates in one of his poems: “moon is the poem in sky/silence sounds in brevity” (Above the Earth’s Green).He compares poetry to the moon, which occupies a small space in the vast sky, but its smallness becomes significant with the effect it casts. The poet practices brevity by following the imagistic and symbolic patterns. 

         Irony is another remarkable feature of R.K.Singh’s poetic style. He employs subtle irony in his poems by means of symbols and images. For example: “A monkey turned the coat/to let off snakes/hidden in velvet lining” (Music Must Sound)

          Another important aspect of R.K.Singh’s poetics is that he does not give titles to his poems nor does he use punctuation marks; thereby he individualizes his style availing himself of poetic freedom. Moreover, the poet has not used a period in the first four collections, viz. My Silence (1985), Memories Unmemoried (1988), Music Must Sound (1990), Flight of Phoenix (1990), but one can find semicolon, colon and dashes in some of his poems. The same style appears in Above the Earth’s Green, Cover to Cover, and The River Returns. By not using punctuation, such as a comma at the end of the line or a period at the end of the sentence,the poet frequently ends up using enjambment. As a result, the meaning flows as the lines progress. The reader has the freedom to understand one or more meanings from the poem. The instances of this kind of verse can be found in e.e.cummings who created enjambment combined with the use of punctuation as an art form.  

  Regarding the poems without titles I.K.Sharma’s remark calls for one’s attention when he says “To a common reader a title is a big help that makes a poem accessible.” Obviously, a common reader cannot be assumed an expert of the nuances of poetic language. So, there remain chances of misinterpretation. This even increases when the content of poetry is as unconventional as sex. However, the poet believes that poems without titles and punctuation marks allow greater freedom to the reader to imagine and interpret the meaning. Even if “titles tell too much”, as R.K.Singh believes, they limit the meaning and lessen the effect of the poem.

               The poet also evinces interest in alliterative device as a means to generate musical effect in his verses. For example:

                                       Love leads to beauty

                                               and vision with perfection

                                                pillar of dust or

 

                                                fleeting shadow can

                                                turn into light revelling

                                                pure songs wrought out of

 

                                                the clay blending joys

                                                in naked passion seek signs

                                                of self- discovery

 

                                                roving with delight

                                                and perfume of fellowship

                                                in valley of peace                             

                                                                                                                   (Flight of Phoenix, p.55)

Formal Features

R.K.Singh adopts Japanese form of three-line seventeen syllables haiku and uses it as stanza unit in many of his poems. Although he does not always conform to the traditional pattern of haiku (5-7-5 syllable) and tanka (5-7-5-7-7), he has uses three- line stanza pattern that appear haiku-like and thus seems to nativize the foreign form in his style. In addition, one finds two- line, four- line, five- line stanza patterns but they have an occasional occurrence. Haiku in different beats, 3-5-3, 4-6-4, 5-7-5 or  in free form, are individually composed by the poet  in his haiku collections as well as in stanza form in his longer poems. His poems are without rhyme but there is always some or the other sort of rhythm that the poet creatively develops. 

                

                R.K.Singh does not believe in conforming to the conventional or the outmoded but wishes to ‘shatter’ them by creating, what he calls ‘rebel rays’ in plain unadorned language. He also discards the high sounding or philosophical issues and rejoices   giving vent to the ordinary or personal impressions because these are true to one’s experiences:

                                      

                                     Philosophy frightens me

                                             confounds obscurity

                                             with profundity:

 

                                             …I don’t reflect time and space

                                             or probe metaphysics

                                             to construct Everest

 

                                            I love to climb the peak and

                                            search the best route without

                                            high minded debate

 

                                            that affronts simplicity

                                            symmetry, nudity

                                            a poet’s beauty                             

                                                                                                       (Above the Earth’s Green, p.89)

The poetics of R.K.Singh echoes what Wordsworth talks about a perfect woman:

                                  

                                   She was a phantom of delight

                                          A perfect woman, nobly planned,

                                         To warn, to comfort, and command;

                                          And yet a spirit still, and bright

                                         With something of angelic light.

                                                                                                                 (‘Perfect Woman’)

 

              R.K.Singh’s poetics,thus, signifies the new momentum Indian English Poetry has now gained. He not only sings love lyrics and glorifies human body but also talks about existential issues and ecological and social environment. His verses with the use of enjambment add richness of meaning to the images and metaphors that he uses in typical Indian contexts. The chief aim of his poetry is to:

                                               …discover essence of beauty

                                               spring a move toward self  harmony

                                               perfection and peace, prelude to nude

                                               enlightenment to carve life in full

                                                                                            (Above the Earth’s Green, p.14)

             To sum up, R.K. Singh’s poetic belief is oriented towards Beauty, Self- Harmony, and Peace, with its base in Indian thought and culture which considers search for beauty or truth as the chief aim of life.

 

References:

1.       Singh, R.K. My silence and Other Selected Poems. Bareilly: Prakash Book Depot,          

1994.

2.       Singh, R.K.  Above the Earth’s Green. Calcutta: Writer’s workshop, 1997.

 

3.       Sharma, I.K. ed. New Indian English Poetry: An Alternative voice.  Jaipur: Book enclave,

2004, p.277.

4.       Radhakrishnan, S.ed. The Principal Upanisads, New York: Harper & Brother

Publishers, 1953.

5.       Hayden, John O.ed. William Wordsworth: The Poems, Vol.I, Penguin Books,1990.

 

Essay written by: Jindagi Kumari, M.Phil (English) and Rajni Singh, Ph. D., Indian School of Mines University, Dhanbad 826004, India (Copyright)

–R.K.SINGH

English Language Teaching: Some Aspects Recollected edited. R.K.Singh ,Jaipur: Book Enclave , 2008, pp.viii+238, Price Rs.695/-, ISBN; 978-81-8152-198-9.

Reviewed by:Rajni Singh, Assistant Professor of English, Department of HSS,

Indian School of Mines University, Dhanbad

The author of the book under review is a distinguished and renowned scholar, who has given us many other valuable studies as an ELT and EST practitioner. His latest book, English Language Teaching: Some Aspects Recollected is a compilation of 18 well- researched essays on ELT and ESP rooted in actual classroom experiences and earlier appeared in different professional journals during 1980s and 1990s. The need for assembling these stimulating articles was their non-accessibility (as most of the journals do not exist today) to the Indian practitioners of English language teaching.

As the author states his intention in the prefatory note, “I have collected some such essays which are not only historically significant in their differing background and perspectives but also helpful in our pursuit for eclectically developing relevant ELT for general, professional, academic or specific purposes in India.”(p. vii)

With the boom of multinationals in India and the shrinking of the world into a global village, there are enough people lured by the hype of speaking fluent English. There is no area today, where effective communication is not needed. Even to run one’s own business, one has to have specific language skills related to that area in order to interact with the stakeholders effectively. In this time of functional specialisation in particular areas, specific communication skills are a must for every individual to meet the objectives of the organization (national/international/or multinational) that one works for.

Against such a perspective, the significance of the English classrooms in India needs no emphasis. But the mushroom growth of English coaching centers, be it a metropolis or a small town, seems to have added to the crisis. The students who get trained from such centers are no better than the untrained ones.

The first and foremost thing that needs to be realized in a language classroom is to understand the needs of language learners, to be sensitive to their problems and expectations, to the realities of their situation and above all, the market demand. It is through purpose-oriented language teaching with an ESP approach that the teacher can help develop the required language skills of the learners to enable them to meet their job demands. As the essays remind, it is high time for the teachers of English to take initiatives and adequate measures to move the language teaching- learning process in the right direction, in the right way.

Having to use a non- native language in contexts where one would like to have full command of the medium is sometimes intellectually frustrating, and is indeed a Herculean task. However, all challenges should appear small before the larger goals. Whatever is the constraint, classroom activities must result in developing and honing the learner’s skills.

The practitioners of English language need to hark back to the past researches in order to benefit from them. Research of the type conducted in late 1970s or 1980s or even later, by the contributing teacher- researchers needs to be carried out by teachers today. The 18 research essays in the book provide an insight into the essential constituents of ESP and ELT. Some essays are designed to develop broad, general proficiency in English while others are associated with teaching of English associated with performance of certain job- specific functions and ESP programmes. Krista Varantola in her scholarly essay remarks: “To be able to train competent communication specialists we need to know more about the various connections between language use and successful communication; about the continuum of LSP texts and their historical development, about the potential and restrictions of an international language, and the selective informative needs in present day society”(p.12).

The articles on vocabulary and collocation focus on the significance of the two in language learning. Rebecca Oxford and David Crookall are of the view that vocabulary is “not explicitly taught in most language classes, and students are expected to “pick-up” vocabulary on their own without any guidance.”(p.199) The same is the case with collocations. S. Alavi and M.H. Taharirian aver, “In teaching vocabulary, one important but less emphasized dimension is the teaching of collocations.”(p.26) It is a fact that less attention is given to vocabulary and collocation teaching, which are an integral part of language learning. The essays suggest innovative ways of teaching the two areas to the learners to help them get attuned to “content-in-context”.

The essays “Errors in the Usage of Conjunctions by Advanced Learners” and “The Teaching of Idiomatic English” lay stress on the significance of proper conjunctions and idioms in language learning. Again, they are the language items that are less taken care of by the language teachers. The essay “Scientific English: Qualitative Factors Via Modern Rhetoric” focuses on the necessity of understanding the technical vocabulary and structures in relation to their context. This is explained through various examples and one such example is “cold fusion”. The oxymoron here refers to a nuclear reaction whose steps can be visualized, quantified and tested through a given mathematical formula but if it is interpreted as ‘The fusion is cold’, it will give an absurd explanation of the compounding.

The next five essays deal with scientific discourse and scientific writing that lay special stress on ‘specialist-to-specialist communication’, ‘technical communication’ and teaching vocabulary and structures in relation to their context. The essay “On Some Conjuncts Signalling Dissonance in Written Expository English” talks about the logical progression of ideas in a text that can be achieved through conjuncts.

Apparently, the essays seem to be randomly selected. Some essays are on ESP approach and EAP, some deal with the syntactical aspect of language, while a couple of essays are on abstract writing. A major portion of the book comprises of Scientific English (to put it in a broader term) that focuses on scientific discourse and scientific and technical writing. But these essays that appear divergent in nature, when read carefully, reveal the concerns and experiences of ELT teachers and experts from different countries such as Iran, Nigeria, India, Canada, the U.K. and a couple of European countries. These experiences might suit the local situations of any other country as well, where English is taught as a second / or foreign language.

An informative mix of the varied aspects of General English and English for specific purposes, the book is an important resource material for practitioners of EST, ESL and ELT. It is particularly relevant in the Indian context where empirical research in ELT and ESP is not readily available but is badly needed. The essays also prove to be a source of encouragement to the Indian practitioners of English language to come forward to share their own practical situations/ or classroom experiences in a similar fashion. It also alarms the reader to understand that it is high time to change the mindset that premier research happens only in the West.

On the negative side, the typographical errors are quite jarring and even the price of the book makes it another Anglophilic book on language, keeping off the common readers from their reach. However, these pitfalls cannot minimize the value / worth of the book, which seeks to motivate teachers to develop realistic courses for their students.

–Dr Rajni SINGH(c)

BOOKS:

1. Savitri: A Spiritual Epic. Bareilly: Prakash Book Depot, 1984, pages 164. (A critical study of Sri Aurobindo’s epic Savitri).

2. Krishna Srinivas: The Poet of Inner Aspiration. Madras: Poets Press India, 1984, pages 30. (A monograph).

3. My Silence. Madras: Poets Press India, 1985, pages 44. (A collection of poems); www.lulu.com/content/165004.

4. Using Contemporary English Idioms. Bareilly: Prakash Book Depot, 1985-86, pages 133. (A text-cum-workbook).

5. Sound and Silence. Madras: Poets Press India, 1986, pages 160. (A collection of critical articles on the poetry of Krishna Srinivas, edited with an introduction).

6. Indian English Writing: 1981-1985: Experiments with Expression.

New Delhi:Bahri Publications Pvt Ltd., 1987, rept. 1991, pages 168. (A

collection of critical articles, edited with an introduction).

7. Using English in Science and Technology. Bareilly: Prakash Book Depot, 1988, pages 256. (A text book)

8. Memories Unmemoried. Berhampur: Poetry Time Publications, 1988,

pages 24. (A collection of poems); www.lulu.com/content/165402.

9. Practising English in Science and Technology. Bareilly: Prakash Book

Depot, 1990, pages 198. (An EST practice book).

10. Music Must Sound. Dhanbad: R.K.Singh, 1990 (A stenciled collection of poems); www.lulu.com/content/165399.

11. Flight of Phoenix. Berhampur: Poetry Time Publications, 1990, pages

35. (A collection of poems); www.lulu.com/content/167638.

12. Recent Indian English Poets: Expressions and Beliefs. New Delhi:

Bahri Publications, 1992, pages 192. (A collection of critical articles

edited with Introduction).

13. Two Poets: R.K.Singh (I DO NOT QUESTION) Ujjal Singh Bahri (THE

GRAMMAR OF MY LIFE).New Delhi: Bahri Publications, 1994,

pages 83. (edited two collections of poems, including my own, pp 44.

14. General English Practice. Bareilly: Prakash Book Depot, 1995, pages

192. ( A textbook on Comprehension, Precis, Summary, Letter,

Sentence, and Paragraph Writing).

15. Writing Your Thesis and Research Papers.Bareilly: Prakash Book

Depot, 1996, pages 115. (A reference-cum-textbook on research

writing).

16. My Silence and 0ther Selected Poems: 1974-1994. Bareilly: Prakash

Book Depot, 1996, pages 185. (A collection of poems, including

earlier volumes).

17. Anger in Action: Explorations of Anger in In Writing in English.

New Delhi: Bahri Publications, 1997, pages 238. (A collection of

critical articles – edited with an Introduction).

18. Above the Earth’s Green. Calcutta: Writers Workshop, 1997, pages 126 .(A collection of poems).

19. Psychic Knot : Search for Tolerance in Indian English Fiction. New Delhi : Bahri Publications, 1998, pages 211. ( A collection of critical articles – edited with an Introduction ).

20. New Zealand Literature : Some Recent Trends. New Delhi : Bahri Publications, 1998, pages 138. ( A collection of critical articles- edited with an Introduction ).

21. Every Stone Drop Pebble. New Delhi : Bahri Publications, 1999, pages 70. ( A collection of Haiku jointly with Catherine Mair and Patricia Prime ).

22. Using English in Science and Technology. Bareilly : Prakash Book Depot, 2000, pages 296. ( Fully revised and expanded edition).

23. Multiple Choice General English for UPSC Competition . Bareilly : Prakash Book Depot, 2001, pages 204. ( A text book on objective type General English for UPSC tests ).

24. Cover to Cover: A collection of Poems (R K Singh : The Face in All Seasons, pp 43). New Delhi : Bahri Publications, 2002. ( A Collection of Poems jointly with Ujjal Singh Bahri).

25. Pacem in Terris. Trento, Italy: Edizioni Universum, 2003. (A trilogy collection of poems in English and Italian, jointly with Myriam Pierri and Giovanni Campisi, including my haiku collection, Peddling Dream)

26. Communication in English: Grammar and Composition. Bareilly : Prakash Book Depot, 2003, pages 148. ( A textbook on grammar and composition ).

27. No Moist Secret and Elements Clack Silence. 2003, pages 62. www.lulu.com/content/52799.

28. Sri Aurobindo’s Savitri : Essays on Love, Life and Death. Bareilly: Prakash Book Depot, 2005, pages 176.

29. Teaching English for Specific Purposes : An Evolving Experience. Jaipur: Book Enclave, 2005, pages 289.

30. For a World Peace. ( Jointly with Renza Agnelli and Danae G. Papastraton).Rocca di Caprileone(ME): Edizioni Universum, 2005, pages 28.

31. Voices of the Present: Critical Essays on Some Indian English Poets. Jaipur: Book Enclave, 2006, pages 267.

32. The River Returns. Bareilly: Prakash Book Depot, 2006, pages 86.

33. Sexless Solitude and Other Poems. 2007. www.lulu.com/content/866370 ; poetrypoem.com/poetry710 .

34. English as a Second Language: Experience into Essays. Jaipur: Book Enclave, 2007, pages 308.

35. English Language Teaching: Some Aspects Recollected. Jaipur: Book Enclave, 2008, pages 238.

.

RESEARCH PAPERS

LANGUAGE

1. The Teaching of Technical English, The ELT Forum News (Bombay), Vol. 1, No. 7 , October 1978.

2. Teaching of English in Technical Institutions, The Journal of English Language Teaching ( Madras ), Vol. XII , No. 1, Jan-Feb 1977.Also in The Educational Journal, Vol. X, No.2, February 1981, as Teaching of English in Technical Institutions—An Essay in Concept and Approach.

3. A Plea for Teaching General English in Technical Institutions, The Journal of English Language Teaching , Vol. XIII, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1978. This paper was also presented at the All India English Teachers’ Conference held at Aligarh Muslim University, Dec 29-31,1977.

4. The Language of Poetry, its Teaching, and the Development of Critical Sense, The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XVI, No.1, Jan-Feb 1981.

5. The Teaching of Poetry and the Development of Students’ Critical Imagination, The Educational Journal, Vol. X, No.5, May 1981. Re-published with revision in the Journal of English Studies ( Warangal), Vol. 15, No.1, January 1984 as Poetry for Instructional Purposes: A Teaching Strategy.

6. Integration of Skills: A Plea for Teaching Writing, Journal of English Language Teaching , Vol. XVI, No. 2, March- April 1981. Also in The Educational Journal, Vol. X, No. 7, July 1981.

7. English for Specific Purposes: An Essay in Academic Concept and Constraint, The Journal of English Language Teaching , Vol. XVI, No. 3, May-June 1981; University News ( New Delhi) , Vol. XIX, No. 13, July 1981; and The Educational Journal , Vol. X , No. 10, October 1981.

8. The Needs/End Framework of ESP in India, Unesco ALSED-LSP Newsletter (Copenhagen), Vol. 4, No.3(13), October 1981; The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol.XVI, No.5, September-0ctober 1981; and University News, Vol. XIX, No.20, October 1981.

9. The Need for Simplifying the Language of Government Documents and Teaching Plain English, The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XV, No.6, November-December 1981.

10. Some Reflections on Terminology, The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol.XVII, No. 1, January-February 1982; The Educational Journal, Vol. X, No.11, November 1981. The paper was reported , and its adapted version published in Infoterm Newsletter (Vienna), No. 24, October 1982.

11. A letter article in Team (Saudi Arabia), No.40, Summer 1981.

12. E.S.P.: Communication Constraints, System (Oxford), Vol. 11, No.2, 1983.

13. E.S.P.: An Indian Perspective, Fachsprache (Vienna), Vol.5, No. 3, 1993

14. E.S.P.: A Sociolinguistic Consideration, The Journal of Higher Education (New Delhi), Vol.8,No. 1, Monsoon, 1982; The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XVII, No.3, May-June 1982. It’s revised version, presented at the International Symposium on LSP (August 2-4, 1982) in Eindhoven University of Technology, also appears in Reading for Professional Purposes:Methods and Materials in Teaching Languages (eds: J.M. Ulijn and A.K. Pugh), Leuwen: ACCO,1985.

15. A Report on the International Symposium on LSP, Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics (New Delhi), Vol. VIII, No.2, June 1982; and The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XVII, No. 5, September-October 1982.

16. A Case of Syllabus Constraints in ELT, University News, Vol.XX, No.21, November 1982; and The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XVII, No. 6, November-December 1982.

17. Reading Development: Some Questions, Unesco ALSED-LSP Newsletter, Vol.7, No.1(18), May 1984; (revised) The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol.XIX, No.5, September-October 1984; University Today, Vol.V, No. 1, January 1985; and .Journal of Higher Education, Vol.10, Nos. 1-2, Monsoon-Autumn, 1984.

18. English for Specific Purposes: Indian Perspective, Journal of Indian Education, Vol.10, No.3, September 1984.

19. Problems of Mining Terminology in India, Fachsprache (Vienna), Vol.7, Nos. 1-2, 1985; Meta (Montreal), Vol.31, No. 2, June 1986. The paper, presented at the Second Infoterm Symposium held in Vienna from April 14-17, 1985, is also included in the symposium proceedings, INFOTERM SERIES 8 (ed: Magdalena Krommer-Benz), New York/London/Paris: K G Saur, 1986.

20. E.S.P. in India: Developments in 1984-1985, Unesco ALSED-LSP Newsletter, Vol.9, No.2(23), December 1986; The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XXI, No.2 and 3, 1986.

21. Language Teaching at Indian School of Mines: ESP Approach, Journal of Indian Education, Vol.12, No.5, January 1987; and (revised) in Proceedings of National Workshop on Language and Technical Education, held at I.I.T., Kanpur, April 7-9, 1986.

22. Planning for an ESP Course, Focus on English (Madras), Vol.4, No. 1, January 1988.

23. India: Linguistic Heterogeneity, Trilingualism and English, Vox (Canberra), Vol.1, No.2, Winter 1989.

24. Communicative Teaching in Technical Institutions: A Needs Assessment Report, Tunisia ESP Newsletter (Tunis), Vol.4, June 1988; (revised) University News, Vol. XXVII, No.26, June 26, 1989; and Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol. XV, No. 1, June 1989.

25. Using English in Science and Technology, Tunisia ESP Newsletter, Vol.5, June 1989.

26. Practising English in Science and Technology, University News, Vol. XXVIII, No. 9, February 26, 1990.

27. Technical Communication Teaching in India, INTER-EST (Norway), Vol.3, No.1, 1990; and Second Language Acquisition: Sociocultural and Linguistic Aspects of English in India (eds: R.K. Agnihotri and A.L. Khanna), New Delhi: Sage, 1994, pp. 333-344.

28. Teaching for Communicative Competence, or Performance?, University News, Vol.XXIX, No. 27, July 8, 1991; and Indian Journal of Applied Linguisics, Vol. XVIII, No.1, January-June 1992.

29. Teaching English Well: Need for a More Practical Attitude, University News, Vol. XXIX, No. 39, September 30, 1991.

30. Teaching of English: A Plea for Practical Attitude, English in India: Theoretical and Applied Issues (ed: Omkar N. Kaul), New Delhi: Creative Publishers, 1992, pp. 218-223.

31. Writing for Academic Communication: Interactive Process Approach, University News, Vol.XXXI, No.27, July 5, 1993, pp. 8-15 (jointly with Mitali De Sarkar).

32. Teaching Writing for Academic Communication at Tertiary Level: An Interactional Feedback Report, Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol.19, No. 1, January-June 1993, pp. 33-47.

33. Writing Subject-Specific Composition: A Report on Peer Interactional Feedbck, University News, Vol.XXXI, No.50, December 13, 1993, pp. 5-12 (jointly with Mitali De Sarkar); also (revised) in Unesco ALSED-LSP Newsletter, Vol. 15, No.2(36),December 1993, pp. 19-37; Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vo.XIX, No.2, July-December 1993.

34. Globalisation and Communication Skills, University News, Vol.XXXII, No. 3, January 17, 1994.

35. Some Reflections on the Role of Humanities in Higher Technical Education, University News, Vol. XXXII, No. 4, January 24, 1994; (revised) Forum (New Zealand), Vol.3, No.2, 1994, pp. 41-44.

36. Interactional Process Approach to Teaching Writing: A Report (jointly with Mitali De Sarkar), English Teaching Forum (Washington), Vol.32, No. 4, October 199, pp. 18-23; (revised) Journal of Higher Education, Vol.17, No.2, Summer 1994, pp. 261-285; its Hindi translation ‘Lekhan Shikshan ke liye antah-kriyatmak Prakriya Upagam: Ek Report’, Uchch Shiksha Patrika, Vol.2, No. 2, Grishma, 1994, pp. 273-299.

37.Teaching English to Motivate Communication: Need for a Flexible Approach, ELT at Cross Roads (eds: Gautam Banerjee and Siddhartha Ganguli), Titagarh: Linkman Publication, 1995, pp. 73-88.

38. On ‘Teaching Translation and interpreting’: A Review, in Translation: It’s

Theory and Practice (ed: Avadhesh K. Singh). New Delhi: Creative Books, 1996.

RESEARCH PAPERS

LITERATURE:

1. Mayakovsky: A Contextual Interpretation, The Century (New Delhi), Vol. XI, No. 42 ,February 12, 1974 and No. 43, March 2, 1974.

2. A Study of Edmund Blunden, The Century , Vol. XII, No. 37, January 18, 1975.

3. Some Reflections on the Mythical Construction of Death in Sri Aurobindo’s Savitri, The Advent (Pondicherry). Vol.XXXVIII, No.1, February 1981; Indian Journal of English Studies, Vol.XXI, 1981-82; The Call Beyond (New Delhi), Vol.6, No. 6, May 1981; and Littcrit (Trivendrum), Vol.7, No. 2, December 1981.

4. The Poetics of Aurobindo, The Rajasthan Journal of English Studies (Amravati/Jaipur), Combined No.13 and 14, 1981; and Studies in Indian Poetry in English (ed: O.P. Bhatnagar), 1981.

5. Sri Aurobindo’s Poetics: A Wider Perspective, The Call Beyond (New Delhi), Vol.6, No.7, July 1981 and No.8, August 1981.

6. The Poet of Savitri: A Study in Romantic Strain, The Advent, Vol. XXXIX, No. 1, February 1982; The Literary Endeavour (Anantapur), Vol. IV, Nos. 1 & 2, 1982; English Association Journal (Darbhanga), Vol. VII, Summer, 1993; and Indian Writings in English, Vol.I (ed: Mamohan K. Bhatnagar), New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 1996, pp. 12-24.

7. The Structure of Savitri: An Archetypal Analysis, in NINE instalments, The Call Beyond, Vol.7, No.1 to 10, January 1982 to October 1982 (nine issues).

8. Isis-Osiris: A Deconstruction in Savitri, The Call Beyond, Vol.6, No. 12, December 1981; and Ken (Lucknow), Vol.1, No.1, December 1982.

9. The Spiritual Epic Tradition and Savitri, The Call Beyond, Vol. 6, No.9 -10, and No.11, September-October 1981 and November 1981 (two issues).

10. The Concept of Spirituality in Sri Aurobindo’s Savitri, The Call Beyond, Vol.7, No. 11, November 1982.

11. Sri Aurobindo’s Philosophy of Spiritual Evolution, The Call Beyond, Vol.8, No. 2, February 1983 and No.3, March 1983.

12. Savitri: An Overview and a Summing Up, The Call Beyond, Vol.8, No.4, April 1983.

13. Emily Dickinson and Sri Aurobindo: An Overhead Confluence of Love, Life and Death, Littcrit, Vol,9, No.2, December 1983; The Call Beyond, Vol.8, No. 10 October 1983 and No.11, November 1983; and Indian Writings in English, Vol. I (ed: Manmohan K. Bhatnagar), New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 1996, pp. 34-46.

14. The Vision of Death in O.P. Bhatnagar’s Poetry, ELT Forum Journal of English Studies, Vol.7, No.1, 1094; Youth Age, Vol.12, No. 2, January 1984 and No.3, February 1984; and The Vision and the Voice, Vol.I, (ed: G.P. Baghmar, Nagpur: Vishwa Bharati Prakashan, 1987, pp. 129-140.

15. O.P. Bhatnagar’s Poetry: Average is Large, World Literature Today (Oklahoma), Vol. 59, No.1, Winter 1985.

16. Sex Imagery in Shiv K. Kumar’s Poetry, Journal of South Asian Literature (Michigan), Vol.22, No.2, Summer-Fall 1987.

17. Academic Management of Technical Institutions, University News, Vol .XIX, No.7, April 1981.

18. Krishna Srinivas—The Poet of Inner Aspiration, The Call Beyond, Vol.10, No.2, February 1985, No.3, March 1985, and No.4, April 1985 (serialized in three issues); Bharat Protiva (Calcutta), Festival Number, September-November 1986; (revised) in Dr Krishna Srinivas: 80^th Birth Day Souvenir (Madras), August 9, 1993; and Twentieth Century Literature in English, Vol.3 (ed: Manmohan K. Bhatnagar), New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 1996, pp. 104-129.

19. L.N. Mahapatra: Attuned to a Different Interval, Language Forum (New Delhi),Vol. 12, Nos. 1-4, 1986; Bharat Protiva, August 1986; and The Quest (Ranchi), Vol.I, No. 1, March 1987.

20. Indian English Writing: A New Perspective, Canopy (Bareilly), Vol.1, No.2, November 1986.

21. Introductory, Language Forum, Special number on Indian English Literature: 1981-1985, Vol.12, No.1-14, 1986 (Guest edited).

22. I.H. Rizvi: A Traveller in the Forest of Thoughts and Feelings, Canopy, Vol.3, Nos. 3-4, July-October 1988; Kavita India (Muzaffarpur), Vol.1, Nos. 3-4, April-July 1988; and Creative Forum (New Delhi), Vol. IV, Nos. 1-4, January-December 1991.

23. L.N. Mahapatra’s Quest through the Erotic, Poetry (Aska), Vol.XII, No.2, October 1987.

24. I.K. Sharma: ‘We tell your fever well’, Poetcrit (Maranda), Vol. 1, No.2, July 1988; and Creative Forum, Vol. IV, Nos. 1-4, January-December 1991.

25. Darkness in the Vision of O.P. Bhatnagar, Bharat Protiva, Vol. XII, Serial No.110, Independence Number 1988; and Creative Forum, Vol. IV. Nos. 1-4, January-December 1991.

26. Gopal Honnalgere: Social Reality through Sex and Irony, Poetcrit, Vol. 2, No. 2, July 1989; and Creative Forum, Vol. III, Nos. 3-4, July-December 1990.

27. P.K. Joy: A Poet of Christian Sensibility, Kavita India, Vol.2, No.3, October-December 1989; and (revised) in P.K .Joy: The Man and the Poet (ed: G.S. Balarama Gupta), Madras: Indian Writers Press, 1981.

28. Higher Technical Education: A Development Perspective, University News, Vol. XXVIII, No.23, June 4, 1990; Journal of Higher Education (New Delhi), Vol.15, Nos. 1-3, 1989-90; and Bharat Protiva , Vol. XIV, No. 2 (Serial No. 117), March-May 1990.

29. Concluding Remarks on the Seminar on ‘Afforestation For Environmental Protection,’ Compass (Rome), No. 44/45, July 1990.

30. Afforestation for Protection of the Earth, Bharat Protiva, Vol. XV, No.1, Serial No. 119, December 1990.

31. Introduction, Creative Forum, Special Number on Recent Indian English Poetry, Vol. IV, Nos. 1-4, January-December 1991.

32. Some Recent Poets: The Quest for the Present, Creative Forum, Special Issue, Vol.V, Nos. 1-4, January-December 1992; and Quest for Identity in Indian English Writing, Part 2—Poetry (ed: R.S. Pathak), New Delhi: Bahri Publications, 1992.

33. Savitri: Sri Aurobindo’s Spiritual Romance, University News, Special number, Vol. XXXII, No.6, February 7, 1994, pp. 111-113; (revised)The Scoria, Vol.3, No. 8, August 2001, pp. 29-32; and Immortal Paradigms: Sri Aurobindo’s Home-Coming Centenary Volume (ed: Charu Sheel Singh), New Delhi: Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd, 2002, pp. 67-74.

34. Gopal Honnalgere: Confrontation with Social Reality, Language Forum, Vol. 19, Nos. 1 & 2, January-Decemebr 1993; and Indianization of English Language and Literature (ed: R.S. Pathak), New Delhi: Bahri Publications, 1994, pp. 120-125.

35. A Universal Voice of Eternity, World Poet Ikeda, Madras: World Poetry Society, 1994, pp. 85-88.

36. Recent Indian English Poetry: A Critical Reflection on a Chorus of Voices, Poetcrit, Vol.8, No. 1, January 1995, pp. 9-12;and (revised) Cyber Literature (Patna), Vol.3, No.1, March 1999, pp. 6-8.

37. Anger and Sexuality: Some Recent Indian English Women Poets, Poetcrit, Vol. 8, No. 2, July 1995, pp. 21-31.

38. Lyle Glazier: Poetry is Concealment Square, University News, Vol. XXXIV, No. 6, February 5, 1996 (Special number ‘My Favourite Reading’), pp. 37-42.

39. Revamping Higher Education System, University News, Vol. XXXIV, No. 7, February 12, 1996; and Fayrdaw (Pennsylvania), Vol.3, No. 4, October 1996, pp. 32-36.

40. The Relevance of John Keats as a Poet, The Critical Endeavour, Vol. II, June 1996, pp. 77-83; (revised) John Keats: A Poet of the New Era, Triveni, Vol.

65, Nos. 2 & 3, April-June and July-September 1996, pp. 57-60 and John Keats: Poetry and Poetics (ed: R.S. Pathak), New Delhi: Creative Books, 1997, pp. 192-196.

41. Sri Aurobindo’s Poetics, Indian Response to Literary Theories, Vol. I, (ed: R.S. Pathak), New Delhi: Creative Books, 1996, pp. 211-228.

42. The Poetics of Lyle Glazier, Theory and Interpretation of Literature (ed: Charu Sheel Singh), New Delhi: Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., 1996, pp. 320-329.

43. The Structure of Savitri, Indian Writings in English, Vol. II(ed: Manmohan K. Bhatnagar), New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 1996, pp. 19-84.

44. Editor’s Note, and Anger in Action: An Introductory, Language Forum, Special Issue, Vol. 21, Nos. 1-2, January-December 1995, pp. 8-10 and pp. 11-44.

45. Dimensions of Anger in I.K. Sharma’s Poetry (jointly with Mitali De Sarkar), Language Forum, Vol.21, Nos. 1-2, January-December 1995; and Continuity: Five Indian English Poets (ed: R.A. Singh), Jaipur: Book Enclave, 2003, pp. 43-57.

46. Family and Female Sexuality, Fayrdaw, Vol.4, No. 1, Whole Number 19, February 1997, pp. 41-45; and Scoria (Chandigarh), Vol.2, No. 6, April 1998, pp. 26-27.

47. D.S. Maini: A Poet of the Aching Spirit, Journal of Indian Writing in English, Vol.25, Nos. 1-2, January-July 1997; ans Triveni, ol. 69, No.3, July-September 2000, pp. 41-42.

48. Anger and Sexuality: Some Recent Indian English Authors in English, Spectrum History of Indian Literature in English (ed: Ram Sevak Singh and Charu Sheel Singh), New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 1997, pp. 20-54.

49. 50 Years After: Challenges Facing Teachers, University News, Vol.35, No. 40 October 6, 1997; Fayrdraw, Vol.4, Whole No.24, December 1997, pp. 40-46; and (revised) Indian Book Chronicle, Vol.XXII, No.9, September 1997, pp.5-6.

50. Isis-Osiris: A Reconstruction in Savitri, Sri Aurobindo: Critical Considerations (ed: O.P. Mathur), Bareilly: Prakash Book Depot, 1997, Second edn. 2002, pp. 134-138.

51. Foreword, Prayers and Complaints of a Daughter by Manjul Rani Tripathi, New Delhi: B.R. Publishng Corporation, 1998.

52. Intolerance: The Psychic Knot: Search for Solutions in Recent Indian English Fiction, Language Forum, Vol. XXIV, Nos. 1-2, January-December 1998, pp. 13-30.

53. Sarala Barnabas: A Foursome Search for Coexistence (jointly with Mitali De Sarkar), Language Forum, Vol. XXIV, Nos. 1-2, January-December 1998, pp. 91-98.

54. Immigrant: Quest for Cross Cultural Communication, Language Forum, Vol. XXIV, Nos. 1-2, January-December 1998, pp. 161-168; and Glimpses, Ontario: Vesta Publications Ltd., 1999, pp. 80-84.

55. New Zealand Literature: Some Recent Works, Creative Forum, Vol. 11, Nos. 1-2, January-June 1998, pp. 7-39.

56. Beachy Summers, Tsunami, Artichokes, and Roots in the Drains: Vivienne Plumb’s Love Knots (jointly with Mitali De Sarkar), Creative Forum, Vol.11, Nos. 1-2, January-June 1998, pp. 121-130.

57. Stephen Gill: Search for Elysium, The Mawaheb International (Toronto), Vol.10, Nos. 108-110, April-June 1998, pp. 16-21; Glimpses, Ontario: Vesta, 1999, pp. 121-134; Critical Endeavour, Vol. IV, December 1998, pp. 80-95; Commonwealth English Literature (ed: M.K. Bhatnagar), New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, January 1999, pp. 204-219; and Essays on Commonwealth Literature (ed: K. Balachandran), Bareilly: Prakash Book Dept, 2001, pp. 1-17.

58. P.C.K. Prem: Voyage into Barren Consciousness (jointly with Mitali De Sarkar), Poetcrit, Vol. XII, No. 1, January 1999, pp. 74-81; and Continuity: Five Indian English Poets (ed: R.A. Singh), Jaipur: Book Enclave, 2003, pp. 215-225.

59. Wisdom of the Body: Some Reflection, Triveni, Vol.68, No. 1, January-March 1999, pp. 28-31; and The Mawaheb International, Year 24, July-September 2000, pp. 14-15.

60. Expression of Anger and Sexuality in Recent Indian Women Poets, Contemporary Indian Literature in English: A Humanistic Perspective (ed: Mithilesh K. Pandey), Ludhiana: Kalyani Publishers, 1999, pp. 115-124.

61. Poetry of Dwarakanath H. Kabadi, Poet, Vol.40, No. 10, October 1999, pp. 57-73; and The Mawaheb International, April-June 2000, pp. 13-15.

62. William Morris, Lorna Anker, and Rosemary Menzies: A Rhetoric of Peace, Poet, Vol.41, No.3, March 2000, pp. 55-62.

63. Foreword, Snail-Pace Street by Dwarakanath H. Kabadi, Bangalore: Mrs. Chandrakantha D. Kabadi, 2000, pp. v-xii.

64. Some Recent Poems of D.C. Chambial, Poetcrit, Vol. XIII, No.2, July 2000, pp. 85-86; Cyber Literature, Vol. V, No.1, June 2000, pp. 38-40; and Explorer (Sasaram), vol.10, No.1, July 2000.

65. Recent Kiwi Fiction: Expression of National Consciousness, Points of View, Vol. VII, No. 1, Summer 2000, pp. 89-97; and Littcrit, Vol. 28, No. 2, December 2002, pp. 79-91.

66. Corruption in Indian Writing in English, The Scoria, Vol. 2, No.5, November 2000, pp. 23-27.

67. R.S. Tiwary: A Sage Litterateur, The Scoria, Vol.2, No.6, December 2000, pp. 39-41; Creative Forum, Vol.15, Nos. 1-2, January-March/April-June 2002, pp. 73-76 ; and Current Indian Creativity in English by R.S. Tiwary, Jaipur: Book Enclave, 2003, pp. 427-432.

68. Sri Aurobindo’s Yoga: The Philosophy of Conscious Self-Finding, The Critical Endeavour, Vol. VI, December 2000, pp. 91-102.

69. Discourse of Tolerance: Some Recent Women Fictioneers, Points of View, Vol. VIII, No. 1, Summer 2001, pp. 58-67.

70. The Poet-Editor-Administrator: Mr Pronab Kumar Majumder, Metverse Muse, Issue No.11, January- June 2001, p. 105.

71. A Seer of Poetic Truth, Poet, Vol. 42, No.9, September 2001, pp. 13-16.

72. Literature as Communication, The Scoria, Vol.3, No. 12, December 2001, pp. 8-11; and Poetcrit, Vol. XVII, No.1, January 2004, pp. 28-33.

73. Darkness in the Vision of Death in O.P.Bhatnagar, Judgement: An Anthology of Papers on the Poetry of O.P. Bhatnagar (ed: R.A. Singh), Jaipur: Book Enclave, 2002, pp. 86-95.

74. Kamala Das and Some Other Recent Indian English Women Poets, Creative Forum, Vol. 14, Nos. 3-4, Juky-December 2001, pp. 5-16.

75. ‘Talking To God’: The Bliss of the Holy Spirit, Poet, Vol.43, No. 10, October 2002, pp. 58-63; (revised) The Bliss of the Holy Spirit, Anumana, Trento: Edizioni Universum, 2002, pp. 102-105.

76. Foreword, Before the Petals Unfold by D.C. Chambial, Maranda: Poetcrit Publications, 2002.

77. Latest Poems of Dwarakanath H. Kabadi and D.C. Chambial, National Herald(New Delhi), Saturday, May 24, 2003 and May 31, 2003, p. 5.

78. Politics of Popular Culture: Some Reflections, Triveni, Vol. 72, No.2, April-June 2003, pp. 44-45.

79. Divinity in Action, Poet, Vol. 44, No. 8, August 2003, pp. 49-56; (revised) Divinity in Action in “Pacem in Terris”, Choir-Angels by Myriam Pierri, Giovanni Campisi, and Joy Rainey King, Trento: Edizioni Universum, 2003, pp. 73-75.

80. Foreword, A Call From the Unknown by S.L. Peeran, Bangalore: Bizz Buzz, 2003, pp. vi-x.

81. Spiritual Romance of Savitri: The Feast is Too Dull Without the Fiddles, Critical Studies on Indian Literature (ed: R.A. Singh), Jaipur: Book Enclave, 2003.

82. New Indian English Writing: Postcolonialism, or Politics of Rejection?, University News, Vol. 41, No. 40, October 06-12, 2003, pp. 10-12; Triveni, Vol. 72, No. 4, October-December 2003, pp. 23-25; The Contemporary Research Indica, Vol.2, No.1, January-July 2004, pp. 29-31; Creative Forum, Vol. 16, No. 3-4, July-December 2003, pp. 107-112; Poetcrit, Vol. XVII, No. 2, July 2004, pp. 5-10; and Points of View, Vol. XI, No. 1, Summer 2004, pp. 95-100.

83. The Game of Convenience Continues, Moongate Internationale , March 2004 (www.motherbird.com); Uncle River’s Prometheus, the Autobioraphy—The Game of Convenience Continues, Littcrit, Vol. 30, No.1, June 2004, pp. 52-57; and The Contemporary Research Indica, Vol. II, No.2, July-December 2004, pp. 83-86.

84. Ann Davis: ‘I am worth a smile’, Poet, Vol. 45, No.7, July 2004, pp. 57-63; and Points of View, Vol. XI, No. 2, Winter 2004, pp. 93-97.

85. The Poetry of Dwarakanath H. Kabadi, Major Indo-English Poets and Poetry by Pramod Kumar Singh, Jaipur: Book Enclave, 2004, pp. 101-108.

86. Chandra Singh Badali and Mahendra Bhatnagar: Two Poets in Translation, Research (Patna), Vol.4, No.2, Autumn 2004, pp. 38-45.

87. Niranjan Mohanty: A Poet of the Bhakti Cult, Creative Forum, Vol. 17, No.2, July-December 2004, pp. 63-68; Poet, Vol. 46, No. 5, May 2005, pp. 56-63; and Points of View, Vol. XII, No.1, Summer 2005, pp. 98-103.

88. Filling the Empty Internal Spaces: A Variety of Voices in Indian Women’s Poetry in English, Reflections, Vol. 3, Nos. 1 & 2, January and July 2004, pp. 1-16.

89. Niranjan Mohanty: Two Long Poems of Love and Prayer, Research, Vol.5, No.2, Autumn 2005, pp. 9-15.

90. Motion in The Dervishes, Poetcrit, Vol. XX, No. 1, January, 2007, pp. 15-24.

91. Politics of Popular Culture, Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XXXII, No.4, April 2007, pp. 3-4; 21^st Century Cultural Discourse, Series 1, June 2007, pp.11-12.

BOOK REVIEWS:

LANGUAGE TEACHING TITLES

1. Writing in English Book I (by Anita Pincas and Kate Allen). Unesco ALSED-LSP Newsletter, Vol.6, No.1(17), 1983; and The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XVIII, No.2, March-April 1983.

2. (i) English in Context (by Patricia L. McEldowney), (ii) Practice for the JMB Tests in English (Overseas) (by Patricia L. McEldowney), and (iii) Figures in Language (by R.R. Jordan). Unesco ALSED-LSP Newsletter, Vol.6, No.1 (17), 1983; and The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vo. XVIII, No.1, January-February 1983.

3. An Introduction to Philosophy of Education (by Robin Barrow and Ronald Woods). The Education Quarterly (New Delhi), Vol.3, July 1983.

4. Educational Planning (ed: Moonis Raza). Reviews Projector (India) (Coimbatore), Vol.6, Nos. 4-6, April-June 1986.

5. English for International Conferences (by Anthony Fitzpatrick). Unesco ALSED-LSP Newsletter, Vol.6, No.1 (17), 1983; Society and Science (Bombay), Vol.6, No. 2, April-June 1983; Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol.VIII, No.2, June 1982; The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XVIII, No. 2, March-April 1983; RIE Journal (Bangalore), Vol. 1, No. 1, January 1984; and Cross Currents (Odawara, Japan), Vol.XI, No. 1, Spring 1984.

6. (i)Communicate 1 & 2 (by Keith Marrow and Keith Johnson) and (ii) Think and Link (by Janelle Cooper). Journal of Higher Education, Vol. VIII, No. 3, Spring 1983.Also, Communicate 1 & 2 in Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XVIII, No. 1, January-February 1983, and Think and Link in the same journal, Vol.XVIII, No.2, March-April 1983.

7. Authentic Reading (by Katherine Walter). System (Oxford), Vol.11, No.3, 1983; The Language Teacher (Tokyo), Vol.8, No. 5, May 1984; and Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XVIII, No.4, July-August 1983.

8. English for Study Purposes Part I (by Jennifer Smith and Bernard Coffey). Arels Journal (London), Vol.4, No.4, Autumn 1983; and The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XVIII, No. 2, March-April 1983.

9. Intermediate English Book I (by Michael Walker). Arels Journal, Vol. 4, No. 4, Autumn 1983; and The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XVIII, No.4, July-August 1983.

10. English for Mechanical Science (by Hugh Templeton). World Language English (Oxford), Vol.3, No.2, January 1984; Unesco ALSED- LSP Newsletter, Vol. 6, No. 17, 1983; The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XVIII, No.4, July-August 1983; and University Today, Vol. IV, No. 1, January 1984.

11. Writing Skills (by Norman Coe et al). JALT Newsletter (Tokyo), Vol.VII, No.12, December 1983; RELC Journal (Singapore), Vol.15, No.1, June 1984; University Today, Vol. IV, No. 1, January 1984; and The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XX, No.2, March-April 1985.

12. Development of Writing Skills in English (by Doug Case and John Milne). EFL Gazette (London), No.50, February 1984; and The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XVIII, No. 5, Setember-October 1983.

13. Reading Comprehension Course (by D.D. Sim et. al). EFL Gazette, No.56, August 1984; and The Journal of English Language Teaching , Vol.XVIII, No. 5, September-October 1983.

14. Working With English Idioms (by David Peaty). ELT Journal (Oxford), Vol. 38, No. 3, July 1984.

15. The Other Tongue: English Across Cultures (by Braj B. Kachru). World Language English (Oxford), Vol. 4, No. 1, October 1984; Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol. XI, No. 1, January 1985; and The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XVIII, No. 6, November-December 1983.

16. Readings in English as an International Language (by Larry E. Smith). JALT Newsletter, Vol.8, No. 2, February 1984; Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 9, Autumn 1983; The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XIX, No. 1, January-February 1984; and RIE Journal, Vol.2, No.2, July 1985.

17. The Sociolinguistics of Learning and Using a Non-Native Language (by Leo Loveday). The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XIX, No. 4, July-August 1984.

18. Text to Note (by Alex Adkins and Ian McKean). Team (Saudi Arabia), No.47, Summer 1984; and Unesco ALSED-LSP Newsletter, Vol.7, No.1 (18), May 1984.

19. Writing Academic English (by A. Oshima and A. Hogue). EFL Gazette, No.59, November 1984.

20. Grammar in Context (by Hugh Gethin). ELT Journal (Oxford), Vol. 39, No.4, 1985.

21. Speak to Learn (by K. James). The British Journal of Language Teaching(Oxford), Vol.23, No. 1, Spring 1985; The Language Teacher, Vol. IX, No. 4, April 1985; and RIE Journal, Vol. 1, No.2, December 1984.

22. (i) Electrical Engineering and (ii) Computer Science (both by Richard Meyers). Team, No. 49, Winter 1984; The British Journal of Language Teaching, Vol. XXIII, No. 2, Autumn 1985; and (revised) Journal of Indian Education (New Delhi), Vol. 11, No. 2, July 1985.

23. Engineering Information (by Michael Kitto and Richard West). Unesco ALSED-LSP Newsletter, Vol. 8, No.1 (20), May 1985; and (revised) Focus on English (British Council, Madras), Vol.1, No.3, July 1985.

24. Bank on Your English (by John and Jean McGovern). Unesco ALSED-LSP Newsletter, Vol.8, No. 1(20), May 1985.

25. A Case for Business English (by M. Pote et al). The Language Teacher, Vol.X, No. 3, March 1986; Unesco ALSED-LSP Newsletter,Vol.9, No.1 (22), May 1986; and EFL Gazette,No. 80, August 1986.

26. Language Teaching Project for the Third World (ELT Documents: 116) (ed: C.J. Brumfit). Unesco ALSED-LSP Newsletter, Vol.9, No. 1(22), May 1986; and Journal of Higher Education, Vol.12, No. 1-3, Monsoon-Spring 1986-87.

27. Discourse and Learning: A Relational Approach to Syllabus Design (by Wilfred Crombie). Language Forum (New Delhi), Vol. 10, No.1-4, 1985; and (revised) Focus on English (Madras), Vol.2, No.1, January 1986.

28. Language and Literature Teaching: From Practice to Principle (ed: C.J. Brumfit). Journal of Indian Education, Vol.13, No. 2, July 1987; Language Forum, Vol. 13, Nos. 1-4, January-December 1987; and The Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. XXI, No. 6, November – December 1986.

29. Penguin Advanced Reading Skills (by E. Nolan-Woods and D. Foll). EFL Gazette, No.86, February 1987; and Focus on English, Vol.3, No.4, October 1987.

30. The Alchemy of English (by Braj B. Kachru). The Language Teacher, Vol. XI, No. 6, June 1987; and Focus on English, Vol.3, No.2, April 1987.

31. The BBI Combinatory Dictionary of English (comp. by Morton Benson, Evelyn Benson and Robert Ilson). ELT Journal, Vol. 42, No. 3, July 1988; and (revised) Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol. 14, No. 2, July-December 1988.

32. (i) Socializing (by Mark Ellis and Nina O’ Driscoll), (ii) Telephoning (by Kay Bruce), and (iii) Meetings and Discussions (by Nina O’ Driscoll and Adrean Pilbeam). EFL Gazette, No. 100, April 1988; and Language News, Vol. 1, No.2, February 1988.

33. In Their Own Words (by Tom Boyd). Focus on English, Vol. 5, No.1, January 1989; and Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol. 15, No. 1, January 1989.

34. Approaches to Discourse, Poetics and Psychiatry (by I.M. Zavala and others). Indian Book Chronicle (Jaipur), Vol. 15, No. 1 & 2, January-February 1990; and GUETA Journal of English Studies, Vol.1, No.1, 1990.

35. Semantics and Syntax: Indian Loan Words in English (by S. D. Sharma). University News, Vol. XXIII, No.7, February 1990.

36. Communication and Cross Cultural Adaptation (by Young Yun Kim). Social Change (New Delhi), Vol. 20, No. 2, June 1990; Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XV, No. 12, December 1990; Journal of National Integration (Kottayam), Vol. 1, No.2, July-September 1990; and International Social Science Review (USA), Vol.66, No.2, Spring 1991.

37. Language Communication and Culture: Current Directions (ed: Stella Ting-Toomey and Felipe Korzenny). University News, Vol. XXIX, No. 11, March 1991; Cross Currents, Vol. XVIII, No. 1, Spring 1991; Journal of National Integration, Vol.3, No. 1, January-March 1992; Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XVII, No. 10, October 1992; and Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology (California), Vol. 22. No. 3, September 1991.

38. ESP in the Classroom: Practice and Evaluation (ed: Dick Chamberlain and Robert J. Baumgardner). ELT Journal, Vol.45, No.3, July 1991.

39. Teaching Translation and Interpreting: Training, Talent and Experience (ed: Cay Dollerup and Anne Loddegaard). International Journal of Translation (New Delhi), Vol. III, No. 1&2,January-December 1991, pp. 153-159; Meta (Montreal), Vol.38, No. 3, September 1993, pp. 543-547; Critical Practice (New Delhi), Vol. 1, No. 1, Winter 1994, pp. 96-102; International Journal on World Peace (Minnesota, USA), Vol.10, No. 3, September 1993, pp. 113-120; and Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XIX, No. 8, August 1994.

40. Innovative English Language Instruction: An Anthology of Innovations in ELT (ed: Subhash Jain). University News, Vol. XXXI, No. 37, September 1993.

41. Teaching of English as a Second Language in India (by A. Antony). University News, Vol. XXXII, No. 20, May 1994.

42. The Otherness of English: India’s Auntie Tongue Syndrome (by Pobal Dasgupta). Indian Book Chronicle, Vo. XIX, No. 4&5, April-May 1994; and Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol. XIX, No. 2, July-ecember 1993.

43. Practice in English: Book One, Book Two, and Book Three (by S.N.A. Rizvi, V.A. Sharma and Masooma Rizvi). University News, Vol. XXXII, No.33, August 1994.

44. Academic Writing For Graduate Students (by John M. Swales and Christine B. Feak). ESP France Newsletter (Brest Cedex, France), Vol.10, No. 3, October 1995; and Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol. XXI, No.2, July-December 1995, pp. 97-99.

45. Better Learning and Teaching of Spoken English (by S. Malaikkani). University News, Vol. XXXIV, No. 23, August 12, 1986.

46. Systemic Grammar (by Shivendra K. Verma). University News, Vol. XXXIV, No. 39, September 23, 1996, pp. 26-27.

47. Intercultural Communication (by Robert Young). Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XXI, No. 11, November 1996, pp. 16-17; European Journal of Intercultural Studies (Hilversum, The Netherlands), Vol.9, No. 2, 1998, pp. 230-231; and International Journal of Communication, Vol. 8, Nos. 1-2, January-December 1998, pp. 141-144.

48. More Englishes: New Studies in Varieties of English 1988-1994 (by Manfred Gorlach. ESP France Newsletter (France), Vol. 12, No.1, March 1997; Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol.XXII, No. 2, July-December 1996, pp. 87-93; and Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XXII, No. 12, December 1997, pp. 24-26.

49. Intercultural Communication: Pragmatics, Genealogy, and Deconstruction

(by Robert Young). Critical Arts (Durban, South Africa), Vol.11, No. 1-2, 1997, pp. 177-182.

50. The Cultural Context in Business Communication (ed: Susanne Niemier, Charles P. Campbell and Rene Dirven). ESP France Newsletter, Vol. 15, No.1, February 2000, pp. 1-7; Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XXV, No. 3, March 2000, pp. 23-25/28; and Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol. 26, No. 2, July-December 2000, pp. 131-138.

51. Literature as Communication (by Roger D. Sell). International Journal of Communication, Vol.12, No. 1, January-June 2002, pp. 119-125.

52. Shifting Continents/Colliding Cultures: Diaspora Writing of the Indian Subcontinent (eds: Ralph J. Crane and Radhika Mohanram). Babel (Amsterdam), Vol. 48, No. 2, 2002, pp. 184-189; and (revised) Creative Forum, Vol. 15, No. 1-2, January-June 2002, pp. 108-114.

53. Translation and Power (ed: Maria Tymoczko and Edwin Gentzler). Babel (Amsterdam), Vol.50, No.4, 2004, pp. 375-381; and Indian Book Chronicle, Vol.30, No.3, March 2005, pp. 13-15.

BOOK REVIEWS:

LITERATURE TITLES

1. New Dimensions in Indo-English Poetry (ed: O.P. Bhatnagar). The Rajasthan Journal of English Studies, Combined No. 13 & 14, 1981.

2. Rising Columns: Some Indian Poets in English (ed: O.P. Bhatnagar). Indian Literature, Vol. XXVI, No. 5, September-October 1983; Indian Journal of English Studies, Vol. XXII, 1982-83; Littcrit, Vol. VIII, No.1, June 1982; and ELT Forum Journal of English Studies, Vol.5, No.1, June 1982.

3. Modern Trends in I ndo-Anglian Poetry (ed: H.S. Bhatia). Journal of South Asian Literature (Michigan), Vol.19, No. 1, Spring-Summer 1984; Littcrit, Vol.8, No. 2, December 1982; Skylark, No. 47/48, 1982; and Commonwealth Quarterly (Mysore), Vol.11, No.31, December 1985-March 1986.

4. My Mother (by Surendra Nath Jauhar). The Call Beyond, Vol.VIII, No.3, March 1983.

5. Prevalent Aspects of Indian English Poetry (ed: H.S. Bhatia). Indian Literature, Vol. XXVII, No.2, March-April 1984; Youth Age, Vol.XII, No.2, January 1984; and University Today, Vol.IV, No. 1, January 1984.

6. The Burning Petals (by H.S. Bhatia). Youth Age, Vol.XII, No. 4, March 1984.

7. Indo-Australian Flowers (ed: V.S. Skanda Prasad). Journal of South Asian Literature (Michigan), Vol. XXI, No.2, 1986; University Today, Vol.IV, No. 10, May 1984; and Youth Age, Vol. 12, No.6, May 1984.

8. Anthrophanies 1-4 (by Kenneth Taharally). Journal of South Asian Literature, Vol. XXI, No. 2, 1986;and Art and Poetry Today (New Delhi), Vol. XV, No. 3&4, July 1990 & October 1990.

9. Tamil Vedas (by Krishna Srinivas). Youth Age, Vol.12, No. 10, Septmeber 1984; and University Today, Vol.IV, No. 20, October 1984.

10. (i) East West Winds (ed: G.R. Krishna), (ii) Just Born (by D. Srikantha Murthy), and (iii) Songs of Cosmos (by V.S. Skanda Prasad). University Today, Vol IV, No. 13, July 1984.

11. Arrogant from Birth (by Debi Ray). Bharat Protiva, Vol.VIII, No.10-11, September-October 1984.

12. World Poetry: Africa (ed: Krishna Srinivas). Youth Age, Vol.12, No. 12, November 1984; and University Today, Vol.V, No. 1, January 1985.

13. (i) Feather (by Divik Ramesh), (ii) New Voice of Indian Poetry (ed: Rajendra Avasthy et al), (iii) Centre and Circumference (ed: Keshav Malik), and (iv) Voices from Within (ed: Laxmi Narayan Mahapatra). Indian Literature, Vol. XXVIII, No.3 (107), May-June 1985.

14. (i) Flames and Flashes and (ii) Shadows and Desires (by Biswakesh). Youth Age, Vol.13, No.5, May 1985.

15. (i) The Horizon (by G. Venkataraman) and (ii) Prism (Kambuja International). Youth Age, Vol. 13, No.6, June 1985.

16. (i) Scattered Thoughts (by Prakash Joshi), (ii) Symphony of Skeletons (by Dwarakanath H. Kabadi), and (iii) Summer Green (by J.K. Jagadev). Youth Age, Vol. 13, No.7, August 1985.

17. Scattered Thoughts (by Prakash Joshi). Poetry Time, Vol. 10, No.4, Autumn 1985.

18. Mahavira (by Krishna Srinivas). Bharat Protiva, Vol.X, No. 1, December 1985; and Youth Age, Vol.13, No. 11, January 1986.

19. A Small Step (by K.S. Venkataramu). Bharat Protiva, Vol. X, No.3, February 1986; and Youth Age, Vol. 13, No. 11, January 1986.

20. Indian Poetry in English (ed: Hari Mohan Prasad and Chakradhar Prasad Singh). Littcrit, Vol.12, No.1&2, June-December 1986; and Youth Age, Vol. 14, No.2, April 1986.

21. Rain Drops (by A. Padmanaban). Youth Age, Vol.14, No. 2, April 1986.

22. Men and Gods and Other Poems (by K.B. Rai). Language Forum, Vol.12, No. 1-4, 1986; and Journal of Indian Writing in English, Vol.24, No. 1, January 1986.

23. Relics of Love (by Biswakesh). Bharat Protiva, No.101, May-June 1986; and Youth Age, Vol. 14, No.3, June 1986.

24. The Vision and the Voice, Vol. III (ed: G.P. Baghmar). Youth Age, Vol.14, No. 6, November 1986; and Language Forum, Vol. 13, No.1-4, January-December 1987.

25. Reflections on Sri Sri Ramakrishna (tr. S.K. Basu). The Call Beyond, Vol.XI, No. 11, November 1986; and Bharat Protiva, Vol.XI, Whole No. 104, Spring 1987.

26. Contemporary Indo-English Poetry (ed: Bijoy Kumar Das). Language Forum, Vol.12, No.1-4, 1986; and Youth Age, Vol.14, No.7, January 1987.

27. Zero Hour (by Narendrapal Singh). Canopy, March 1987.

28. (i) Perceptions (by D.C. Chambial), and (ii) Visions and Voices (by M.A. Nare). Canopy, March 1987.

29. Another Moment (by Ajsa Zahirovic). Canopy, March 1987.

30. Voices From Within (by L.N. Mahapatra). Journal of South Asian Literature (Michigan), Vol. XXI, No. 2, 1986.

31. Dead River (by L.N. Mahapatra). The Journal of Indian Writing in English (Gulbarga), Vol. 15, No. 2, July 1987.

32. Longing For You (by K. Balachandran). Canopy, July-November 1987.

33. Great Day Coming (by Lyle Glazier). Creative Forum, Vol.1, No.6, March 1988; Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XIII, No. 4, April 1988.

34. Shelley and Yeats: A Comparative Study (by B.C. Das). Rachna (New Delhi), Vol.1, Winter 1988.

35. From Zero to Eternity (by P. Raja). Kavita India (Muzaffarpur), Vol. I, No. 2, January 1988; Bharat Protiva, Vol. XII, Serial No.110, August 1988; and Littcrit, Vol.13, No.1&2, June-December 1987.

36. The Bloom (ed: Amal Ghose). Canopy, March-May 1988.

37. Contemporary Indian English Poetry (ed: I.H. Rizvi). Canopy, Vol.3, No.3-4, July-September 1988.

38. The Night Without Moon and Other Poems (by L.N. Mahapatra). Journal of South Asian Literature, Vol.23, No. 1, 1988; and Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XIV, No. 9, September 1989.

39. Oh This Bloody Game (by Niranjan Mohanty). GUETA Journal of English Studies (Ahmedabad), Vol.1, No. 1, 1990; and Creative Forum, Vol. 2, No. 1&2, January-June 1989.

40. Understanding Poetry: A Stylistic Approach (by G.D. Barche). The Rajasthan Journal of English Studies, Vol.10, 1989; and Creative Forum, Vol. 1, No.4, December 1988.

41. Stray Thoughts and Petals of Prayer (by K.L. Srihari). Creative Forum,Vol. 1, No.4, December 1988.

42. Dark Dragon (by Rajnee Krishnan Kutty). Canopy, Vol.4, No. 1&2, January-March 1989; and Creative Forum, Vol.2, No. 1&2, January-June 1989.

43. Tender Wings (by Dwarakanath H. Kabadi). Creative Forum, Vol.1, No. 3, October 1988.

44. The Audible Landscape (by O.P. Bhatnagar). Poetry (Berhampur), Vol. 13, No.1&2, 1988; and Creative Forum, Vol.1, No.4, December 1988.

45. Twilight Thoughts (by Tabish Khair). Canopy, Vol.4, No. 1&2, January-March 1989; and Creative Forum, Vol.2, No.1&2, January-June 1989.

46. Yatra (by Eugene D’Vaz, Christine Gomez, Yagna Sri Nambiar, Joe Dorairaj). Canopy, Vol.5, No.2&3, May-July 1990; Art and Poetry Today, Vol.XV, No. 3&4, July-October 1990; Creative Forum, Vol.2, No. 3&4, July-December 1989; and Littcrit, Vol. 16, No.1&2, 1990.

47. Melting Moments (by Dwarakanath H. Kabadi). Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XV, No. 9, September 1990; Canopy, Vol.VI, No. 1&2, January-March 1991; and Art and Poetry Today, Vol.15, No.3&4, July-October 1990.

48. Poems (by Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi). Creative Forum, Vol.2, No. 3&4, June-December 1989.

49. Contemporary Indian English Love Poetry (ed: I.H. Rizvi). Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XV, No. 11, November 1990;and Canopy, Vol. VI, No.1&2, January-March 1991.

50. Across the Falling Snow (by Baldev Mirza). Creative Forum, Vol. 2, No.3&4, July-December 1989.

51. (i) Falling Petals, (ii) Unfading Blooms, and (iii) Thirsty Pebbles (by I.H. Rizvi). Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XVI, No. 12, December 1991.

52. Virginia Woolf: A Study of the Tragic Vision (by Ramadhar Singh). Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XIX, No. 11, November 1994; and Creative Forum, Vol.12, No. 1-2, January-June 1999.

53. Voices of Anger and Sexuality: Some Recent Indian English Women Poets (a review of 24 books). Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XX, No.5, May 1995.

54. Krishna Srinivas: A Critical Assessment of His Poetical Works (by Syed Ameeruddin). Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XXI, No.3-4, March-April 1996.

55. Visioned Summits (by Syed Ameeruddin). Poet, Vol. 37, No. 8, August 1996, pp. 60-63; and The Scoria, Vol. 1, No.3, July 1996.

56. Fat : A Novel (by Raewyn Alexander). Littcrit, Vol. 23, No. 44-45, June-December 1997; Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. 22, No.2 February 1997; Critical Practice, Vol.4, No.1, January 1997; Language Forum, Vol. 23, No. 1-2, January-December 1997; Fantasy Adviser, Vol. I, No.4, April 1998.

57. the shortcut home (by PNW Donnelly, Catherine Mair, and Patricia Prime). Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XXII, No. 11, November 1997.

58. Renderings: English Translation of Selected Poems of Karpoor Chandra Kulish (tr: I.K. Sharma and Narendra Sharma ‘Kusum’). Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XXII, No.5, May 1997; International Journal of Translation, Vol. 9, No. 1-2, January-December 1997; Creative Forum, Vol. 7, No. 3-4, July-December 1994/1997; (Revised) Translatio: Nouvelles De La FIT (Belgium), Vol. XIX, No.4, 2000, pp. 505-511; and a Hindi version in Rajasthan Patrika (Jaipur), Sunday Magazine, 8 June 1997.

59. The Dual Muse: The Writer as Artist, The Artist as Writer (by Johanna Drucker and William H. Gass; Exhibition Catalogue). Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XXIII, No. 5, May 1998, pp. 22-24; Fantasy Adviser, Vol. 1, No.8, October 98, pp. 68-69; The Mawaheb International (Canada), October –December 2001, pp. 12-14.

60. Poems of Faiz Ahmad Faiz: A Poet of the Third World (tr: Mohammed Zakir and M.N. Menai). Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XXIV, No. 1, January 1999; Creative Forum, Vol. 7, No. 3-4, July-December 1994/97; and Babel (Amsterdam), Vol. 47, No. 1, 2001, pp. 92-94.

61. The Voice of Feeling: Myth and Mythology in Keats’s Major Poems (by Seemin Hasan). Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XXIV, No. 6, June 1999, pp. 17-18; and Creative Forum, Vol. 12,No. 1-2, January-June 1999, pp. 117-121.

62. New Generation: Poems from China Today (ed: Wang Ping). Poet, Vol. 40, No. 9, September 1999, pp. 60-63; International Journal of Translation, Vol. 11, No. 1-2, January-December 1999, pp. 145-153; Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XXV, No. 2, February 2000, pp. 8-10; SlugFest, Ltd (USA), Vol. X, No. 3-4, 1999-2000, pp. 17-18; Translatio: Nouvelle de la FIT, Vol. XIX, No. 1-2, 2000, pp. 129-132.

63. The Aching Vision (by Darshan Singh Maini). Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. 25, No. 7, July 2000, pp. 6-7; and Poet, Vol. 41, No. 41, No.11, November 2000, pp. 59-63.

64. the acorn book of contemporary haiku (eds: Lucien Stryk and Kevin Bailey). Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. 25, No. 11-12, November-December 2000, pp. 42-43; Poet, Vol. 42, No. 3, March 2001, pp. 59-63; and The Scoria, Vol. 3, No. 4, April 2001, pp. 37-38.

65. The Waffle of the Toffs: A Sociocultural Critique of Indian Writing in English (by M. Prabha). World Literature Today, Vol. 74, No.3, Summer 2000 , p. 586; and (revised) Creative Forum, Vol. 13, No. 3-4, July-December 2000, pp. 126-132.

66. In the Ruins of Time (by Pronab Kumar Majumder). Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XXVI, No. 4, April 2001, p. 19; and Cyber Literature, Vol. VII and VIII, No.1&2, June-December 2001, pp. 81-82.

67. In Golden Times (by S.L. Peeran). Poet, Vol. 42, No. 6, June 2001, pp. 56-59.

68. The Heians (by Bill West). Poet, Vol. 42, No. 6, June 2001, pp. 60-63; Indian Book Chronicle, Vol. XXVI, No. 5-6, May-June 2001, pp. 8-9; and Canopy, Vol. XVIII, No. 43&44, July 2001.

69. The Poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra (b